In which type of solution does a cell lose water and shrivel?

• A. Hypotonic
• B. Isotonic
• C. Hypertonic
• D. Neutral

Answer: (C)

In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell. This creates a gradient where water moves out of the cell in an attempt to balance the solute concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane. As water exits the cell, the cell loses volume and begins to shrivel. This process is known as crenation in red blood cells.

In contrast, a hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, leading to water influx and potential swelling or bursting of the cell. An isotonic solution, where solute concentrations are equal inside and outside the cell, allows for no net movement of water, maintaining cell size. The term "neutral" does not specifically refer to a solution type related to osmosis. Therefore, the correct answer is hypertonic, as this is the condition under which a cell would lose water and shrink.